ChadDownload light PDF version
Overview
Chad is a member of the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC). From an institutional perspective, it is, therefore, not a part of West Africa. Chad, however, is still highly connected with countries in the region. It is a member of the Permanent Inter-state Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS) which has brought together Sahelian countries since 1973to combat and respond to drought crises in the Sahel.
ECOWAS granted Chad observer status in 2011 with the explicit objective of strengthening regional economic co-operation. Chad’s economy is strongly oriented towards neighbouring Nigeria, which imports the majority of its livestock. With the planned exportation of Nigerien oil via the Cameroon-Chad Pipeline, Chad’s relations with Niger will also soon be strengthened. Chad also shares the Lake Chad basin with Niger and Nigeria.
After several decades of chronic instability, the country is still fragile and is also exposed to the consequences of the political crises in Libya and Sudan. Chad did, however, begin exploiting oil deposits in Doba in 2004, which should help the country in constructing a more solid, diversified economy.
Institutional Framework
| Government type: | Republic of Chad |
| Constitution: | passed by referendum 31 March 1996; a June 2005 referendum removed constitutional term limits |
| Legal system: | mixed legal system of civil and customary law |
| Administrative division | 22 regions: Barh el Gazel, Batha, Borkou, Chari-Baguirmi, Ennedi, Guera, Hadjer-Lamis, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mandoul, Mayo-Kebbi Est, Mayo-Kebbi Ouest, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Sila, Tandjile, Tibesti, Ville de N'Djamena, Wadi Fira |
| Executive branch: | Chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno (since 4 December 1990) Head of government: Prime Minister Emmanuel NADINGAR (since 5 March 2010) Cabinet: Council of State; members are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister |
| Legislative branch: | unicameral National Assembly (188 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) |
| Judical branch: | Supreme Court; Constitutional Council; High Court of Justice; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate Courts |
| Political parties: |
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| Suffrage: | 18 years of age; universal |
| Elections: | President elected by popular vote for a five-year term; if no candidate receives at least 50% of the total vote, the two candidates receiving the most votes must stand for a second round of voting; last election held on 25 April 2011 (next to be held by 2016); prime minister appointed by the president |
| Election results: | Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno reelected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY 83.6%, Albert Pahimi PADACKE 8.6%, Nadji Madou 7.8% |
| Central bank: | Bank of Central African States (BEAC) |
| Military branches: | Armed Forces: Chadian National Army (Armee Nationale du Tchad, ANT), Chadian Air Force (Force Aerienne Tchadienne, FAT), Gendarmerie (2008) |
| Military age and obligations: | 20 years of age for conscripts, with 3-year service obligation; 18 years of age for volunteers; no minimum age restriction for volunteers with consent from a parent or guardian; women are subject to 1 year of compulsory military or civic service at age of 21 (2004) |
| Membership in regional organisations: | ABN, ACP, AfDB, AU, CEMAC, CBLT, CILSS, Cen-sad |
Regional Indicators
- Land boundaries: 5968 km
- border countries: Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km
- Coastline: 0km (landlocked)
- Airports: 56 with paved runways: 8
- Railways: -----
- Roadways: 33 400km; paved: 267km; unpaved: 33 133km (2002)
- Waterways: Chari and Legone rivers are navigable only in wet season (2010)
- Ports and terminals: -------
Demographic Trends
- Population 2010: 11 227 000
- Projection 2050: 27 252 000
- Population < 15 years: 5 108 285 (45.5% *11 227 000 =5 108 285)
- Population density: 9/ sq. km
- Urban agglomeration: N’Djaména (829 000 =7.2%)
- Annual Growth: 2.75% (2005-2010) > 2.59 (2010-2015)
- Woman fertility (children per women): 6.20 (2005-2010) > 5.74 (2010-2015)
- Median Age: 17.1
- Dependency ratio: 144
Migration and Mobility
- Number of emigrants (2010): 243 300 =2.1% of pop
- Number of immigrants (2010): 388 300 = 3.4% of pop
- Top destination countries: Cameroon, Sudan, the Central African Republic, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, France, the Republic of Congo, Canada, the United States, Germany
- Refugees within country: 330 500(2009)
Economic Indicators
- GDP total (2010): USD 17 469 million
- GDP per capita: USD 1518
- Annual Growth: 1.7%
- Average growth (2002-2010): 8.4%
- Currency: CFA Franc
- Inflation Rate: 10.1% (2009)
- Main Exports: oil, cattle, cotton, gum arabic
- Main Export partners: United States 89%, France 4.7% (2009)
- Main Imports: machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles
- Main Import Partners: China 16.8%, France 16%, Cameroon 11.5%, US 6.9%, Italy 5.9%, Ukraine 4.8% (2009)
- Trade balance: USD 368million
- Net Foreign Direct Investment inflows: USD 462 million
- Estimated Diaspora Remittances 2009: N.A.
- ODA received: 561 million USD
- =as % of GDP: 3.21%
- =per capita: 49.96 USD
- Category: Low income (2011)
- Public Spending on:
- Education as a percentage of total government expenditure (2000-2007): 10.1%
- Health as a percentage of total government expenditure (WHO, 2009): 9.5%
- Military: 436 million USD =6.2% (2009)
- External Debt: 1701 million USD
- Debt service (as % of Exports 2010e): 3%
- Public finance (% of GDP 2009):
- Revenue and grants: 19.4%
- Expenditures and net lending: 29.3%
- Overall balance:-9.8
- IMF Adjustment Programme: yes
- Corruption Perception Index (xx/10): 1.7 (171/178)
- Index of Economic Freedom (xx/100): 45.3 (165/179)
- WB Doing Business index 2011: 183/183
- Ibrahim African Governance index: 33.9
Food Security
| Global Hunger Index (IFPRI, 2011): | 30.6 |
| Food supply (kcal per capita/day) | 2 040 |
| Number of people undernourished: | 3.8 millions |
:Percentage of people undernourished: | 33% |
| Child malnutrition, underweight: | 37% |
| Child malnutrition, stunting: | 41% |
Land use
| Land area (1 000 ha): | 125 920 |
| Agricultural land area (1 000 ha): | 49 332 |
Arable land (1 000 ha): | 4 300 |
| Permanent crops (1 000 ha): | 30 |
| Pastures (1 000 ha): | 45 000 |
| Irrigated land (1 000 ha): | 30 |
| Share in total water use by |
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| Forest area (1000 ha): | 11 552 |
Source: FAOStat and FAO Country Profile
Social Indicators
Ethnicity & Religion
- Ethnic Groups : Sara 27.7%, Arab 12.3%, Mayo-Kebbi 11.5%, Kanem-Bornou 9%, Ouaddai 8.7%, Hadjarai 6.7%, Tandjile 6.5%, Gorane 6.3%, Fitri-Batha 4.7%, other 6.4%, unknown 0.3% (1993 census)
- Major Religions: Muslim 53.1%, Catholic 20.1%, Protestant 14.2%, animist 7.3%, other 0.5%, unknown 1.7%, atheist 3.1% (1993 census)
Health
- Life Expectancy: 48.7 (2005-2010)
- Under-five Mortality Rate (per 1000 live births) (2008): 209
- Number of physicians (for 100 000 people) (2004): 3.4
- Hospital Beds (for 10 000 people): 4 (2005)
- Estimated HIV prevalence (2007): 3.5%
Education:
- Adult literacy rate: (% age 15 and above): 32,7% (2008)
- Youth Literacy Rate: 45,4% (2008)
- Net Primary Enrolment Ratio: 1495961 (2008)
- Net Secondary Enrolment Ration: 314470 (2007)
- Tertiary Students: N.A
- University attendance Ration: 1,9% (2008)
ICT & Media:
- Internet Access (per 100 inhabitants) 2009: 1.5
- Internet domain: .td
- International dialing code: 235
- Mobile line (per 100 inhabitants) 2009: 20.36
- Main telephone line (per 100 inhabitants) 2009: 0.52
- Access to electricity 2007: kWh 84 millions
- Water supply coverage 2008: 50% (urban 67%, rural 44%)
- Sanitation coverage2008: 9% (urban 23%, rural 4%)
Chad